Нулевой артикль. Упражнения.
Практика — ключ к грамотности. Специальные упражнения в этом разделе помогут вам отработать использование нулевого артикля с существительными: понять правило, довести его применение до автоматизма и научиться использовать в реальных ситуациях.
Упражнение № 1. Выберите правильный вариант: определенный артикль the или оставьте пропуск (—).
1.I love (the / —) coffee in the morning. 2. (The / —) coffee in this cup is cold. 3. She goes to (the / —) work at 9 am. 4. (The / —) children need love and care. 5. (The / —) children from our school are polite. 6. He plays (the / —) football every weekend. 7. (The / —) football is a popular sport. 8. We had (the / —) dinner together. 9. (The / —) dinner we had was delicious. 10. I speak (the / —) English and (the / —) French. 11. (The / —) English language is difficult. 12. She is at (the / —) home today. 13. (The / —) home is where the heart is. 14. He went to (the / —) hospital to visit his friend. 15. He went to (the / —) hospital because he was ill. 16. I usually travel by (the / —) car. 17. (The / —) car is red. 18. We met on (the / —) Monday. 19. I remember (the / —) Monday when we first met. 20. (The / —) life is beautiful. 21. (The / —) life of a celebrity is hard. 22. She has (the / —) breakfast at 8. 23. (The / —) breakfast is ready. 24. He is (the / —) doctor. 25. He is (the / —) doctor who saved my life. 26. We visited (the / —) Russia last year. 27. We visited (the / —) United States. 28. (The / —) Lake Baikal is deep. 29. (The / —) history is my favorite subject. 30. (The / —) history of this city is interesting. 31. I like ___ music. 32. ___ music at the concert was loud. 33. She plays ___ tennis. 34. ___ tennis is a good sport. 35. We have ___ lunch at noon. 36. ___ lunch we had was tasty. 37. They go to ___ church on Sundays. 38. ___ church on the hill is old. 39. I need ___ water. 40. ___ water in the glass is cold. 41. She is at ___ school. 42. ___ school is closed today. 43. He travels by ___ train. 44. ___ train is late. 45. I love ___ chocolate. 46. ___ chocolate you bought is delicious. 47. She is ___ teacher. 48. She is ___ best teacher. 49. They live in ___ London. 50. ___ London is a big city. 51. He went to ___ prison for his crimes. 52. ___ prison is overcrowded. 53. We saw ___ elephants in Africa. 54. ___ elephants are intelligent animals. 55. ___ Netherlands is famous for tulips. 56. ___ cats in this house are very friendly. 57. He is ___ engineer who designed this bridge. 58. She studies ___ mathematics. 59. She had ___ breakfast and went to work. 60. He goes to ___ bed early.
Упражнение № 2. В каждом предложении есть одна ошибка, связанная с нулевым артиклем. Найдите её и запишите предложение правильно.
Образец: I love the coffee. → I love coffee.
1.I go to the work by bus. 2. She loves the chocolate. 3. The children need love. (вообще) 4. He plays the football well. 5. We had the dinner at 7. 6. The breakfast is important meal. 7. She speaks the Spanish fluently. 8. They live in the Moscow. 9. He went to the hospital because he was ill. 10. I usually travel by the car. 11. We met on the Monday. 12. The life is short. 13. She is at the home. 14. He is the doctor. 15. I need the water. 16. The history is interesting. 17. She plays piano. 18. He goes to the school every day. (как ученик) 19. We visited the France. 20. The Lake Baikal is deep. 21. I like the music. 22. The coffee is my favorite drink. 23. She had the breakfast at 8. 24. The tennis is a popular sport. 25. He speaks the English well. 26. Children from our school are polite. 27. I need the advice. 28. The money doesn't buy happiness. 29. She is at the work now. 30. We celebrate the Easter in spring.
Упражнение № 3. Переведите предложения на английский, обращая внимание на нулевой артикль.
1.Я люблю чай. 2. Чай в этой чашке горячий. 3. Она учитель. 4. Она лучший учитель. 5. Дети любят играть. 6. Дети из нашего двора дружные. 7. Мы завтракаем в 8 утра. 8. Завтрак был вкусный. 9. Он играет в теннис. 10. Теннис – интересный спорт. 11. Я говорю по-испански. 12. Испанский язык красивый. 13. Они живут в Москве. 14. Москва – большой город. 15. Она ездит на работу на автобусе. 16. Автобус опаздывает. 17. Мы были во Франции. 18. Франция прекрасна. 19. Мне нужна вода. 20. Вода в бутылке холодная. 21. Он играет на гитаре. 22. Гитара очень старая. 23. Жизнь прекрасна. 24. Жизнь, которую мы ведем, интересна. 25. Она дома. 26. Дом – это место, где я отдыхаю. 27. Мы встретились в понедельник. 28. Понедельник был дождливым. 29. Деньги не пахнут. 30. Деньги, которые он заработал, честные.
Упражнение № 4. Прочитайте текст и вставьте нужный артикль или оставьте пропуск (—).
My aunt Margaret lives in (1) ___ Scotland. (2) ___ Scotland is beautiful. She loves (3) ___ nature. She goes for (4) ___ walks every day. She has (5) ___ dog named Max. (6) ___ dog is very loyal. My aunt works as (7) ___ teacher. She teaches (8) ___ history at (9) ___ school. (10) ___ history is her passion. She has (11) ___ breakfast early. (12) ___ breakfast is usually porridge. She drinks (13) ___ tea with milk. (14) ___ tea from Scotland is famous. In (15) ___ summer, she visits us. We have (16) ___ lunch together in (17) ___ garden. (18) ___ garden is full of flowers. She plays (19) ___ piano for us. (20) ___ piano is old but sounds beautiful. She speaks (21) ___ Gaelic a little. (22) ___ Gaelic is an ancient language. We love (23) ___ family gatherings. (24) ___ family is important to us. Last (25) ___ Christmas, she stayed with us. (26) ___ Christmas was magical. She brought (27) ___ presents for everyone. (28) ___ presents were handmade. Next year, we plan to visit (29) ___ Edinburgh. (30) ___ Edinburgh is her favourite city.
Упражнение № 5. Заполните анкету о себе, используя нулевой артикль там, где это необходимо. Ответы должны быть полными предложениями.
Упражнение № 6. Турист написал заметку о своём путешествии, но сделал 10 ошибок в использовании артиклей. Найдите и исправьте их.
"Last summer I visited the France. It was amazing! I travelled by the car through small villages. I ate the cheese and drank the wine. The breakfast was always fresh bread and coffee. I met the friendly people. People were very kind. I love the France! Next year I want to visit the Netherlands and the Italy. I think the travelling is best hobby."
Упражнение № 7. Напишите рецепт своего любимого блюда (8-10 предложений). Используйте нулевой артикль с продуктами в общем смысле, с приёмами пищи, с названиями блюд. Помните: если продукт упоминается впервые и в общем смысле – артикль не нужен.
Образец: Take flour, eggs, and milk. Mix flour with sugar. Add milk slowly. Cook on low heat.
Упражнение № 8. Из текста исчезли все артикли (и определенные, и неопределенные, и нулевые). Ваша задача – вставить только те артикли, которые необходимы, а где нужно – оставить пропуск. Обратите особое внимание на места, где артикль НЕ нужен.
Last year, my daughter decided to study medicine. She wanted to help people and make difference in world. She moved to London and started university. Life in big city was exciting but difficult. She had classes in morning and studied in library in evening. She didn't have much free time. On weekends, she sometimes played tennis with friends or visited museums. She loved art and history. After three years, she became doctor. Now she works in hospital and helps children. She says that work is her passion.
Упражнение № 9. Закройте глаза и представьте следующие сцены. Для каждой сцены напишите 2–3 предложения, используя нулевой артикль там, где речь идёт об общих понятиях. Постарайтесь "увидеть" детали.
Сцена 1: Утро в парке.
Образец: I see trees, grass, and sky. Children play on grass. Birds sing.
Ваши предложения:
Сцена 2: Кухня во время приготовления обеда.
Образец: There is flour on the table. Mother cuts vegetables. Soup smells good.
Ваши предложения:
Сцена 3: Вокзал в час пик.
Образец: People rush to trains. Luggage is everywhere. Time is short.
Ваши предложения:
Упражнение № 10. Представьте, что вы учитель английского. Ваш ученик написал рассказ, но совсем не понял тему нулевого артикля. Прочитайте его текст, найдите ошибки, исправьте их и напишите для ученика 3 коротких правила (своими словами), которые объясняют самые частые случаи нулевого артикля.
Текст ученика:
"Yesterday was a great day! I had the breakfast with my family. Then I went to the work by the car. At the work, I met the new colleagues. They are from the Italy and the Spain. We had the lunch together. I ate the pasta and drank the water. In the evening, I played the football with friends. After the football, we watched the news on TV. I went to the bed at 11. I love the life!"
Исправленный текст:
Три правила для ученика (напишите простыми словами):
1.I love (the / —) coffee in the morning. 2. (The / —) coffee in this cup is cold. 3. She goes to (the / —) work at 9 am. 4. (The / —) children need love and care. 5. (The / —) children from our school are polite. 6. He plays (the / —) football every weekend. 7. (The / —) football is a popular sport. 8. We had (the / —) dinner together. 9. (The / —) dinner we had was delicious. 10. I speak (the / —) English and (the / —) French. 11. (The / —) English language is difficult. 12. She is at (the / —) home today. 13. (The / —) home is where the heart is. 14. He went to (the / —) hospital to visit his friend. 15. He went to (the / —) hospital because he was ill. 16. I usually travel by (the / —) car. 17. (The / —) car is red. 18. We met on (the / —) Monday. 19. I remember (the / —) Monday when we first met. 20. (The / —) life is beautiful. 21. (The / —) life of a celebrity is hard. 22. She has (the / —) breakfast at 8. 23. (The / —) breakfast is ready. 24. He is (the / —) doctor. 25. He is (the / —) doctor who saved my life. 26. We visited (the / —) Russia last year. 27. We visited (the / —) United States. 28. (The / —) Lake Baikal is deep. 29. (The / —) history is my favorite subject. 30. (The / —) history of this city is interesting. 31. I like ___ music. 32. ___ music at the concert was loud. 33. She plays ___ tennis. 34. ___ tennis is a good sport. 35. We have ___ lunch at noon. 36. ___ lunch we had was tasty. 37. They go to ___ church on Sundays. 38. ___ church on the hill is old. 39. I need ___ water. 40. ___ water in the glass is cold. 41. She is at ___ school. 42. ___ school is closed today. 43. He travels by ___ train. 44. ___ train is late. 45. I love ___ chocolate. 46. ___ chocolate you bought is delicious. 47. She is ___ teacher. 48. She is ___ best teacher. 49. They live in ___ London. 50. ___ London is a big city. 51. He went to ___ prison for his crimes. 52. ___ prison is overcrowded. 53. We saw ___ elephants in Africa. 54. ___ elephants are intelligent animals. 55. ___ Netherlands is famous for tulips. 56. ___ cats in this house are very friendly. 57. He is ___ engineer who designed this bridge. 58. She studies ___ mathematics. 59. She had ___ breakfast and went to work. 60. He goes to ___ bed early.
Упражнение № 2. В каждом предложении есть одна ошибка, связанная с нулевым артиклем. Найдите её и запишите предложение правильно.
Образец: I love the coffee. → I love coffee.
1.I go to the work by bus. 2. She loves the chocolate. 3. The children need love. (вообще) 4. He plays the football well. 5. We had the dinner at 7. 6. The breakfast is important meal. 7. She speaks the Spanish fluently. 8. They live in the Moscow. 9. He went to the hospital because he was ill. 10. I usually travel by the car. 11. We met on the Monday. 12. The life is short. 13. She is at the home. 14. He is the doctor. 15. I need the water. 16. The history is interesting. 17. She plays piano. 18. He goes to the school every day. (как ученик) 19. We visited the France. 20. The Lake Baikal is deep. 21. I like the music. 22. The coffee is my favorite drink. 23. She had the breakfast at 8. 24. The tennis is a popular sport. 25. He speaks the English well. 26. Children from our school are polite. 27. I need the advice. 28. The money doesn't buy happiness. 29. She is at the work now. 30. We celebrate the Easter in spring.
Упражнение № 3. Переведите предложения на английский, обращая внимание на нулевой артикль.
1.Я люблю чай. 2. Чай в этой чашке горячий. 3. Она учитель. 4. Она лучший учитель. 5. Дети любят играть. 6. Дети из нашего двора дружные. 7. Мы завтракаем в 8 утра. 8. Завтрак был вкусный. 9. Он играет в теннис. 10. Теннис – интересный спорт. 11. Я говорю по-испански. 12. Испанский язык красивый. 13. Они живут в Москве. 14. Москва – большой город. 15. Она ездит на работу на автобусе. 16. Автобус опаздывает. 17. Мы были во Франции. 18. Франция прекрасна. 19. Мне нужна вода. 20. Вода в бутылке холодная. 21. Он играет на гитаре. 22. Гитара очень старая. 23. Жизнь прекрасна. 24. Жизнь, которую мы ведем, интересна. 25. Она дома. 26. Дом – это место, где я отдыхаю. 27. Мы встретились в понедельник. 28. Понедельник был дождливым. 29. Деньги не пахнут. 30. Деньги, которые он заработал, честные.
Упражнение № 4. Прочитайте текст и вставьте нужный артикль или оставьте пропуск (—).
My aunt Margaret lives in (1) ___ Scotland. (2) ___ Scotland is beautiful. She loves (3) ___ nature. She goes for (4) ___ walks every day. She has (5) ___ dog named Max. (6) ___ dog is very loyal. My aunt works as (7) ___ teacher. She teaches (8) ___ history at (9) ___ school. (10) ___ history is her passion. She has (11) ___ breakfast early. (12) ___ breakfast is usually porridge. She drinks (13) ___ tea with milk. (14) ___ tea from Scotland is famous. In (15) ___ summer, she visits us. We have (16) ___ lunch together in (17) ___ garden. (18) ___ garden is full of flowers. She plays (19) ___ piano for us. (20) ___ piano is old but sounds beautiful. She speaks (21) ___ Gaelic a little. (22) ___ Gaelic is an ancient language. We love (23) ___ family gatherings. (24) ___ family is important to us. Last (25) ___ Christmas, she stayed with us. (26) ___ Christmas was magical. She brought (27) ___ presents for everyone. (28) ___ presents were handmade. Next year, we plan to visit (29) ___ Edinburgh. (30) ___ Edinburgh is her favourite city.
Упражнение № 5. Заполните анкету о себе, используя нулевой артикль там, где это необходимо. Ответы должны быть полными предложениями.
- What do you like to eat for breakfast? – ________________________________
- What music do you prefer? – _________________________________________
- What sports do you enjoy? – _________________________________________
- What languages do you speak? – ______________________________________
- How do you go to work? – ___________________________________________
- What do you do in summer? – ________________________________________
- What countries have you visited? – ____________________________________
- What food do you dislike? – __________________________________________
- Do you prefer tea or coffee? – ______________________________________
- What books do you like to read? – ____________________________________
Упражнение № 6. Турист написал заметку о своём путешествии, но сделал 10 ошибок в использовании артиклей. Найдите и исправьте их.
"Last summer I visited the France. It was amazing! I travelled by the car through small villages. I ate the cheese and drank the wine. The breakfast was always fresh bread and coffee. I met the friendly people. People were very kind. I love the France! Next year I want to visit the Netherlands and the Italy. I think the travelling is best hobby."
Упражнение № 7. Напишите рецепт своего любимого блюда (8-10 предложений). Используйте нулевой артикль с продуктами в общем смысле, с приёмами пищи, с названиями блюд. Помните: если продукт упоминается впервые и в общем смысле – артикль не нужен.
Образец: Take flour, eggs, and milk. Mix flour with sugar. Add milk slowly. Cook on low heat.
Упражнение № 8. Из текста исчезли все артикли (и определенные, и неопределенные, и нулевые). Ваша задача – вставить только те артикли, которые необходимы, а где нужно – оставить пропуск. Обратите особое внимание на места, где артикль НЕ нужен.
Last year, my daughter decided to study medicine. She wanted to help people and make difference in world. She moved to London and started university. Life in big city was exciting but difficult. She had classes in morning and studied in library in evening. She didn't have much free time. On weekends, she sometimes played tennis with friends or visited museums. She loved art and history. After three years, she became doctor. Now she works in hospital and helps children. She says that work is her passion.
Упражнение № 9. Закройте глаза и представьте следующие сцены. Для каждой сцены напишите 2–3 предложения, используя нулевой артикль там, где речь идёт об общих понятиях. Постарайтесь "увидеть" детали.
Сцена 1: Утро в парке.
Образец: I see trees, grass, and sky. Children play on grass. Birds sing.
Ваши предложения:
Сцена 2: Кухня во время приготовления обеда.
Образец: There is flour on the table. Mother cuts vegetables. Soup smells good.
Ваши предложения:
Сцена 3: Вокзал в час пик.
Образец: People rush to trains. Luggage is everywhere. Time is short.
Ваши предложения:
Упражнение № 10. Представьте, что вы учитель английского. Ваш ученик написал рассказ, но совсем не понял тему нулевого артикля. Прочитайте его текст, найдите ошибки, исправьте их и напишите для ученика 3 коротких правила (своими словами), которые объясняют самые частые случаи нулевого артикля.
Текст ученика:
"Yesterday was a great day! I had the breakfast with my family. Then I went to the work by the car. At the work, I met the new colleagues. They are from the Italy and the Spain. We had the lunch together. I ate the pasta and drank the water. In the evening, I played the football with friends. After the football, we watched the news on TV. I went to the bed at 11. I love the life!"
Исправленный текст:
Три правила для ученика (напишите простыми словами):
